SA-β-Gal assay illustrating therapy-induced senescence in MIA PaCa-2 cells. (A) Tumor cells were either infected with the oncolytic MeV-SCD (here denoted as MeV) or treated with Gem at 3 hpi, and underwent combined chemovirotherapeutic treatment (MeV+Gem) or were left untreated (MOCK); pos. control: Gem 100 µM; then, expression of SA-β-gal was determined 72 h later. Statistical analyses were conducted with an unpaired t-test, confidence interval 95% and two-tailed). (B) Time dependency of senescence induction. Gem (0.03 µM) was added either at 3, 24 or 48 hpi. Expression of SA-β-gal was determined again at 72 hpi. There was no statistically significant impairment of induction of senescence by the presence of virus. Statistical analyses were conducted with Bonferroni's multiple comparison test. hpi, hours post infection; SA-β-Gal, senescence-associated β-galactosidase; Gem, gemcitabine; hpi, hours post infection; pos. control, positive control; n.s., not significant; MeV, measles vaccine virus.