Table 1.
Descriptive summary of patient characteristics for each 30-day readmission outcome.
| Static predictors | Not readmitted (n=427) | Readmitted (n=107) | P value | |
| Age (years), mean, median (IQRa) | 74.5, 77 (66-85) | 75.2, 78 (67-87) | .37 | |
| Gender: female, n (%) | 223 (52.2) | 64 (59.8) | .19 | |
| Marital status, n (%) | .81 | |||
|
|
Married | 168 (39.3) | 44 (41.1) |
|
|
|
Single | 68 (15.9) | 19 (17.8) |
|
|
|
Widowed | 147 (34.4) | 36 (33.6) |
|
| Race, n (%) | .96 | |||
|
|
White | 258 (60.4) | 65 (60.7) |
|
|
|
Black or African American | 121 (28.3) | 31 (29.0) |
|
|
|
Asian | 36 (8.4) | 9 (8.4) |
|
| Insurance, n (%) | .46 | |||
|
|
Medicare | 300 (70.2) | 80 (74.8) |
|
|
|
Commercial | 92 (21.5) | 21 (19.6) |
|
|
|
Medicaid | 13 (3.0) | 4 (3.7) |
|
|
|
Other | 22 (5.2) | 2 (1.9) |
|
| Discharge disposition, n (%) | .35 | |||
|
|
Home or self-care | 276 (64.6) | 65 (60.7) |
|
|
|
Skilled nursing facility | 62 (14.5) | 13 (12.1) |
|
|
|
Home–health care service | 49 (11.5) | 16 (15.0) |
|
|
|
Rehabilitation facility | 17 (4.0) | 6 (5.6) |
|
|
|
Short-term hospital | 8 (1.9) | 2 (1.9) |
|
|
|
Nursing facility | 5 (1.2) | 5 (4.7) |
|
| Number of past visits to hospital, mean, median (IQRa) | 1.4, 1 (0-2) | 2.2, 1 (0-3) | .002 | |
| Chief complaints, n (%) | .91 | |||
|
|
Shortness of breath | 282 (66.0) | 64 (59.8) |
|
|
|
Chest pain | 26 (6.1) | 7 (6.5) |
|
|
|
Edema | 17 (4.0) | 6 (5.6) |
|
|
|
Weakness | 15 (3.5) | 3 (2.8) |
|
|
|
Lower respiratory tract infection | 12 (2.8) | 2 (1.9) |
|
|
|
Abdominal pain | 9 (2.1) | 3 (2.8) |
|
|
|
General | 7 (1.6) | 1 (0.9) |
|
|
|
Altered mental status | 6 (1.4) | 1 (0.9) |
|
|
|
Genitourinary | 5 (1.2) | 2 (1.9) |
|
|
|
Blunt trauma | 5 (1.2) | 3 (2.8) |
|
| ZIP code | —b | — | — | |
| Diagnoses | — | — | — | |
| Diagnoses history | — | — | — | |
| Dynamic predictors | ||||
|
|
Elapsed length of stay, mean, median (IQRa) | 4.8, 3.7 (2.2-5.8) | 6.4, 4.2 (2.6-7.3) | .02 |
| Laboratory test, mean, median (IQR a ) | ||||
|
|
Alanine transaminase (units/L) | 32.0, 20.0 (13.3-30.0) | 28.0, 18.0 (12.0-28.6) | .24 |
|
|
Aspartate transaminase (units/L) | 32.7, 24.0 (18.0-35.0) | 32.3, 21.8 (16.9-30.0) | .19 |
|
|
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 28.5, 25.0 (18.3-35.3) | 34.2, 30.8 (20.0-44.7) | .006 |
|
|
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.6, 1.2 (1.0-1.6) | 1.9, 1.4 (1.0-2.0) | .004 |
|
|
Hemoglobin (mg/dL) | 11.4, 11.2 (9.9-12.7) | 10.8, 10.4 (9.1-12.3) | .003 |
|
|
Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.2, 4.1 (3.9-4.4) | 4.2, 4.1 (3.9-4.4) | .83 |
|
|
Sodium (mmol/L) | 139.0, 139.0 (137.0-141.5) | 137.7, 137.8 (134.8-140.9) | .003 |
|
|
pro B-type natriuretic peptide (pg/mL) | 8182.5, 4283.0 (2137.0-8656.0) | 8683.3, 4262.0 (2013.0-9545.0) | .92 |
|
|
Troponin T (pg/mL) | 37.1, 10.0 (10.0-30.0) | 56.1, 14.2 (10.0-52.7) | .14 |
| Vital signs | ||||
|
|
Systolic blood pressure | — | — | — |
|
|
Diastolic blood pressure | — | — | — |
|
|
Temperature | — | — | — |
|
|
Respiratory rate | — | — | — |
|
|
Pulse | — | — | — |
|
|
Peripheral capillary oxygen | — | — | — |
| Weight | — | — | — | |
| Medication order | — | — | — | |
| Procedure | — | — | — | |
aIQR: interquartile range.
bNot applicable (indicates categorical predictors with too many values or longitudinal variables with repeated measurements that cannot be easily summarized in a single table cell).