TABLE 1.

Expression of CCL19 and its receptor CCR7 during viral infections.

Virus	Species	Early stage	Middle stage	End stage	Outcome	References
HIV-1	Human	–	–	CCR7+ CD45RA+ CD4+ T cells ↓	Chronic infection/latency	Hong et al., 2012; Ramirez et al., 2014
Scrapie virus	Mice	Days 1–50: CCR7+ CD4+ T cells were normal	Days 51–130: CCR7+ CD4+ T cells were normal	Days 131–200: CCR7+ CD4+ T cells ↓	Diminished T-zone area in the spleen and increased germinal center reactions.	Kim et al., 2016, 2018
RSV	Human	–	–	CCR7+ mo-DCs ↓	Less DCs migrate to lymphatic tissue	Le Nouën et al., 2011; Inchley et al., 2013
	Mouse DCs	Day 1: CCL13↑, CCL12, CCL19, and CCL21	Day 2: CCL13↑, CCL12, CCL19, and CCL21	Days 4 and 7: CCL12, CCL13, CCL19↑, and CCL21	Unknown	Alturaiki et al., 2018
EBV	Tonsillar B cells	Day 2: CCR7↓, CXCR5↓, CCR9↑, CCR2↑, CCL19↑ (2.9-fold), and CCL20↑ (4.1-fold)	Day 7: CCR7↓, CXCR5↓, CCR6↓, CCL2↓, CXCL2↓, CCL11↑, CCL24↑, CCL1↑, and CCL13↑	Day 14: CCR7– and CXCR5–	CCL19-induced migration may be impaired even in the presence of CCR7.	Ehlin-Henriksson et al., 2009
DENV	human	–	–	Hour 48: CCR7+ mo-DCs↑	Help DENV infect mo-DCs	Wu et al., 2009; Hsu et al., 2015
Influenza A virus	Mice	–	–	Day 8: CCR7↓ and α4β7↓ in the lung parenchyma and CCR7↑ in the lung draining lymph node	T cells at different anatomical sites represent the most differentiated effector cell type and lack the ability to recirculate.	Debes et al., 2004
	Human	Hours 2–4: CXCL16, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL3↑	Hours 8–12: CXCL8, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11↑	Hours 24–48: CCL19, CCL22, and CXCL13↑	Attract naïve T and B lymphocytes	Piqueras et al., 2006
HBV	Mice	–	–	CCR7+, CD45RA+, CD127+, and CD8+ T cells↑	Help chronic infection	Zhang et al., 2009; Cao et al., 2014
WNV	Mice	–	–	CCR7+ mDCs↑	Absence of CCR7 results in the dysregulation of the number of circulating T cells; CCR7-deficient mice have a defect in CNS viral clearance; CCR7 is a gatekeeper for non-specific viral transference to the brain.	Bardina et al., 2017