Table I.
Clinicopathological characteristics of patients undergoing SPD and non-SPD.
| Variables | SPD (n=9) | Non-SPD (n=74) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years [median (range)] | 76 (61–79) | 69 (36–85) | 0.1220 |
| Sex (male/female) | 7/2 | 42/32 | 0.2260 |
| BMI, kg/m2 [median, (range)] | 19.5 (16.3–24.4) | 20.8 (13.8–29.0) | 0.3448 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3 (33.3%) | 32 (43.2%) | 0.5697 |
| Preoperative biliary drainage | 3 (33.3%) | 47 (63.5%) | 0.0807 |
| PNI [median, (range)] | 44.1 (42.3–49.2) | 43.7 (29.4–51.4) | 0.6102 |
| HS-mGPS (0/1/2) | 7/2/0 | 48/10/16 | 0.2768 |
| Tumor location (pancreas/bile duct/ampulla) | 5/3/1 | 42/21/11 | 0.9285 |
| Tumor type (malignant/benign) | 9/0 | 60/14 | 0.1524 |
| Portal vein resection n(%) | 3 (33.3%) | 11 (14.9%) | 0.1624 |
| Operation time, min [median, (range)] | 675 (552–726) | 579 (427–967) | 0.0514 |
| Blood loss, ml [median (range)] | 1800 (1150–3040) | 1455 (440–6870) | 0.2472 |
| CD score ≥III n(%) | 5 (55.6%) | 21 (28.4%) | 0.0970 |
| Postoperative hospital stay, days [median (range)] | 37 (29–49) | 36 (24–116) | 0.9649 |
| Preoperative ghrelin, fmol/ml [median (range)] | |||
| AG | 2.19 (1.21–12.41) | 7.28 (0.15–59.36) | 0.0250 |
| DG | 20.31 (4.49–66.60) | 44.26 (3.08–306.39) | 0.0994 |
| Total ghrelin | 22.47 (6.70–79.01) | 54.70 (4.36–313.65) | 0.0489 |
| DG-to-AG ratio | 6.00 (2.03–34.34) | 4.36 (1.05–142.11) | 0.3087 |
SPD, standard pancreaticoduodenectomy; BMI, body mass index; PNI, prognostic nutritional index; HS-mGPS, high-sensitivity modified Glasgow Prognostic Score; CD, Clavien-Dindo score; DG, desacyl ghrelin; AG, acyl ghrelin.