Table II.
Clinicopathological characteristics of the PCG and non-PCG patients.
| Variables | PCG (n=36) | Non-PCG (n=33) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years [median (range)] | 68.5 (43–85) | 69.0 (51–82) | 0.9091 |
| Sex (male/female) | 15/21 | 24/9 | 0.0093 |
| BMI, kg/m2 [median (range)] | 20.7 (13.8–28.4) | 22.3 (16.3–29.0) | 0.4208 |
| Diabetes mellitus n(%) | 21 (58.3%) | 12 (36.4%) | 0.0680 |
| Preoperative biliary drainage n(%) | 18 (50.0%) | 26 (78.8%) | 0.0130 |
| PNI [median (range)] | 43.7 (29.4–51.4) | 43.6 (33.9–50.6) | 0.9605 |
| HS-mGPS (0/1/2) | 26/4/6 | 19/6/8 | 0.4388 |
| Tumor marker | |||
| CEA, ng/ml [median (range)] | 2.8 (0.6–17.6) | 2.4 (0.8–10.5) | 0.4276 |
| CA19-9, U/ml [median, (range)] | 100.4 (1.0–8132.8) | 32.0 (2.0–31462) | 0.1598 |
| Tumor size, mm [median, (range)] | 30 (3–85) | 26 (15–63) | 0.2604 |
| Pathological depth of invasion (T1/T2/T3/T4) | 5/1/13/17 | 4/10/10/9 | 0.0156 |
| Pathological nodal stage (N0/N1/N2) | 15/12/9 | 17/12/4 | 0.3826 |
| Metastatic lymph nodes, n [median, (range)] | 1 (0–25) | 0 (0–6) | 0.1208 |
| Stage (I/II/III) | 4/10/22 | 5/15/13 | 0.0904 |
| Performed operation (SPD/PPPD/SSPPD) | 5/22/9 | 4/27/2 | 0.0840 |
| Portal vein resection n(%) | 14 (38.9%) | 0 (0%) | <0.0001 |
| Operation time, min [median, (range)] | 654 (450–967) | 580 (432–934) | 0.6096 |
| Blood loss, ml [median, (range)] | 1520 (460–6870) | 1800 (700–5930) | 0.3158 |
| CD score ≥III n(%) | 2 (5.6%) | 18 (54.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Postoperative hospital stay, days [median, (range)] | 33 (25–49) | 43 (25–116) | 0.0012 |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy n(%) | 31 (86.1%) | 21 (63.6%) | 0.0304 |
| Preoperative ghrelin, fmol/ml, [median, (range)] | |||
| AG | 7.09 (0.86–21.78) | 6.30 (0.55–59.36) | 0.8288 |
| DG | 45.88 (3.27–120.85) | 40.75 (4.49–306.39) | 0.7502 |
| Total ghrelin | 54.70 (4.89–128.15) | 46.57 (6.70–313.65) | 0.8806 |
| DG-to-AG ratio | 4.94 (1.19–40.90) | 4.92 (1.05–142.11) | 0.9665 |
PCG, pancreatic carcinoma group; BMI, body mass index; PNI, prognostic nutritional index; HS-mGPS, high-sensitivity modified Glasgow Prognostic Score; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9; SPD, standard pancreaticoduodenectomy; PPPD, pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy; SSPPD, subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy; CD, Clavien-Dindo score; AG, acyl ghrelin; DG, desacyl ghrelin.