Table IV.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors (n=69).
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | P-value | HR | 95% CI | P-value |
| Age (≥69 years) | 0.1924 | |||
| Sex (male) | 0.5077 | |||
| BMI (≥21.2 kg/m2) | 0.0349 | 1.23 | 0.62–2.48 | 0.5568 |
| Diabetes mellitus (yes) | 0.0002 | 2.79 | 1.37–5.75 | 0.0046 |
| Preoperative biliary drainage (yes) | 0.3491 | |||
| PNI (<40.0) | 0.4849 | |||
| HS-mGPS (1+2) | 0.5406 | |||
| Tumor marker | ||||
| CEA (≥4.9 ng/ml) | 0.0464 | 2.07 | 0.89–4.56 | 0.0898 |
| CA19-9 (≥500.0 U/ml) | 0.0094 | 1.42 | 0.66–2.90 | 0.3589 |
| Tumor location (not pancreas) | 0.8773 | |||
| Tumor size (≥30 mm) | 0.0101 | 2.20 | 1.02–4.75 | 0.0452 |
| Pathological depth of invasion (T4) | 0.0095 | 1.35 | 0.67–2.67 | 0.3987 |
| Lymph node metastasis (yes) | 0.1049 | |||
| Stage (III) | 0.0816 | |||
| Performed operation (PPPD) | 0.1921 | |||
| Portal vein resection (yes) | 0.2831 | |||
| Operation time (≥631 min) | 0.0478 | 1.01 | 0.47–2.23 | 0.9771 |
| Blood loss (≥1580 ml) | 0.0224 | 1.34 | 0.57–3.10 | 0.5006 |
| CD score (≥III) | 0.3294 | |||
| Postoperative hospital stay (≥36 days) | 0.0336 | 2.09 | 1.13–3.96 | 0.0181 |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy (yes) | 0.5544 | |||
| Preoperative plasma ghrelin (fmol/ml) | ||||
| AG (<10.6) | 0.1529 | |||
| DG (<41.6) | 0.0950 | |||
| Total ghrelin (<47.3) | 0.2743 | |||
| DG-to-AG ratio (<3.1) | 0.0134 | 3.06 | 1.34–6.76 | 0.0089 |
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; HS-mGPS, high-sensitivity modified Glasgow Prognostic Score; PNI, prognostic nutritional index; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9; PPPD, pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy; CD, Clavien-Dindo score; AG, acyl ghrelin; DG, desacyl ghrelin.