Table 2. Compounds proposed to increase C. elegans life span by reducing TORC1 signaling.
| Compound | Strain | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rapamycin (TOR inhibitor) | WT | 100 μM | Up to 19% life span extension | Robida-Stubbs et al. (2012), Seo et al. (2013), Ewald et al. (2015), Xie et al. (2019) |
| Rapamycin (TOR inhibitor) | WT | 10 μM | 18.9% life span extension | Calvert et al. (2016) |
| Rapamycin (TOR inhibitor) | WT | 100 μM | Taste-associative learning was disrupted | Sakai et al. (2017) |
| Sesamin (from sesame oil) | daf-15(+/−) | 5.75 μg per plate | Life span extension blocked in daf-15 heterozygotes | Nakatani et al. (2018) |
| 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (royal jelly component) | daf-15(+/−) | 25 μM | Life span extension blocked in daf-15 heterozygotes | Honda et al. (2015) |
| α-Ketoglutarate (metabolite) | let-363 RNAi | 8 mM | Failed to increase the life span of let-363 RNAi animals and inhibits TORC1 activity | Chin et al. (2014) |
| D-β-hydroxybutyrate (ketone body) | rsks-1(ok1255) | 20 mM | Less life span extension in rsks-1 mutants than in WT | Edwards et al. (2014) |
| LY-294002 (phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor) | WT | 100 μM | 19% life span extension in WT, potential to target let-363 | Calvert et al. (2016) |
| 5-octanoyl salicylic acid (salicylic acid derivate) | WT | 100 μM | Increases life span through autophagy and reduces S6K phosphorylation in mammalian cells | Shamalnasab et al. (2018) |
| EPEA (endocannabinoid) | rsks-1(ok1255) | 50 μM | EPEA reduced life span in rsks-1 mutants, which have low EPEA levels | Lucanic et al. (2011) |
| Metformin (type 2 diabetes drug for > 60 yr) | WT | 50–100 mM | Life span extension; decreased Rag nuclear export and activity | Wu et al. (2016), Chen et al. (2017) |
EPEA, eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide; RNAi, RNA interference; TOR, Target of Rapamycin; TORC, TOR Complex; WT, wild-type.