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The bacterial viability of (A) E. coli and (B) S. aureus incubated with different concentrations of bromelain, GNRs or PGs upon NIR irradiation for 20 mins and an un-illuminated control. The growth curves of (C) E. coli and (D) S. aureus treated with 40 μg∙mL−1 of bromelain or PGs without illumination. Data points shown are the mean values ± standard error of the mean (SEM) from three independent experiments.
