Figure 5.

Metronidazole is associated with relative decreases in anaerobes, including Prevotella species. A, Comparison of stool samples from patients with cholera in which metronidazole was or was not detected; samples with phage or trace antibiotic detection were removed. P = .001, by permutational multivariate analysis of variance (Bray-Curtis dissimilarities). Prevotella species are in purple. B, Relative abundance of taxa previously shown to be associated with early, middle, and late phases of recovery from cholera, with (Abx+) and without (Abx-) antibiotic detection. Bars and whiskers denote medians and interquartile ranges, respectively. Analyses were restricted to samples without detection of trace antibiotic and phage. See Supplementary Table 2 for further details. *P < .05 and ***P < .001, by the Mann-Whitney U test, with adjustment for multiple comparisons. Bacteroid, Bacteroides; Enterob, Enterobacteriaceae (family); Enteroc, Enterococci; Prevotel, Prevotella; Roseb, Roseburia; Streptoc, Streptococci.