Ectopic ADH and oxytocin neurons in DCC- or netrin-1–deficient P0 littermates (coronal sections).a, In a typical P0 wild-type animal, ADH-positive cells are confined laterally in the SON (arrows).b, In a DCC mutant littermate, ADH-positive neurons are found within the SON region (arrows) and ectopically in a trail (arrowheads) extending from the SON to the ventral midline. c, Under higher magnification, ectopic ADH neurons (arrowheads) have leading and trailing processes reminiscent of migrating neurons. d, Ectopic ADH neurons are found as bilateral cell clusters centered about the midline (arrow) in the region anterior to the chiasm.e, f, The positions of ADH-positive neurons (red) in individual coronal sections from wild-type (e) and DCC mutant (f) littermates were traced, and tracings from serial sections were stacked. The stacked tracings were then oriented to show the pattern of ADH expression at the ventral surface of the brain. The pituitary is at the bottom of each of these images (posterior), and the chiasm is at the top(anterior). The asterisk marks the location of ectopic neurons with migrating profiles (shown in c). Thearrow points to the area containing ADH neuronal clusters at the midline (shown in d). g,Ectopic ADH neuron clusters are also found at the midline (arrow) in the region anterior to the chiasm in netrin-1 mutants. h, i, In contrast to a wild-type littermate (h), ectopic oxytocin neurons in the mutant (i) are found in the region anterior to the chiasm and form bilateral clusters at the midline (arrow). The arrowhead points to the optic nerve, just entering the brain. j, Higher magnification view of ectopic oxytocin neuron clusters in the region anterior to the chiasm in a DCC mutant (arrow indicates midline) is shown. k, m, The approximate number and distribution of ADH neurons in the PVN appeared similar in wild-type (k) and mutant (m) littermates. l, n, The approximate number and distribution of oxytocin neurons in the PVN appeared similar in wild-type (l) and mutant (n) littermates. o, p,ADH-positive neurons are normally restricted to the SON in E18 wild-type (o) or GAP-43–deficient (p) embryos even though RGC axon growth into the optic tracts in these mutant embryos is severely reduced. In allpanels (except e, f) dorsal is at the top. Ant., Anterior;Post., posterior. Scale bars: a, b, 500 μm; c, 50 μm; d, g, j, 25 μm;h, i, 250 μm; k–n, 250 μm; o, p, 250 μm.