Brn4 knock-out mutants demonstrate cochlear dysplasias in adult mice. B, D, Midmodiolar sections from an adult (6-week-old) Brn4hemizygous null mutant are shown. A, C, Similar sections from a wild-type littermate are shown.A, B, The cochlea of the mutant mouse (B) demonstrates an overall hypoplastic structure compared with that of the wild-type animal (A). The arrow in A indicates the most apical turn of the normal cochlea, which is rarely detected in similar sections of the mutant animal. C, D, The scala tympani of the mutant mouse (D) is flattened and elliptical in comparison with that of the wild-type control mouse (C). Additionally, Reissner’s membrane displays the distended morphology seen in D in the mutant embryos, consistent with a hydrops condition in the mutant animals. In all cases examined, similar phenotypes were found in homozygous knock-out female animals (data not shown).OC, Organ of Corti; RM, Reissner’s membrane; SG, spiral ganglion; SL, spiral limbus; SM, scala media; ST, scala tympani; SV, scala vestibuli. Scale bars:A, B, 300 μm; C,D, 200 μm.