Table 2. Association between poor sleep quality and potential risk factors using univariate logistic regression.
| Characteristics | Number of respondents | Drivers with poor sleep quality | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | OR | 95% CI | p-value | |||
| Age (yr) (N=329) | 0.143 | ||||||
| <40 | 83 | 49 | 59.1 | ref | |||
| ≥40 | 246 | 167 | 67.9 | 0.68 | 0.41–1.14 | ||
| Marital status (N=329) | 0.037* | ||||||
| Single | 50 | 25 | 50 | ref | |||
| Married | 242 | 164 | 67.8 | 2.1 | 1.14–3.90 | ||
| Divorced/separated | 37 | 27 | 73 | 2.7 | 1.08–6.73 | ||
| Level of education (N=333) | 0.11 | ||||||
| Higher than primary school | 103 | 61 | 59.2 | ref | |||
| Primary school | 230 | 157 | 68.3 | 0.68 | 0.42–1.09 | ||
| Health problems (N=322) | 0.733 | ||||||
| No | 240 | 156 | 65 | ref | |||
| Yes | 82 | 55 | 62.5 | 1.1 | 0.65–1.87 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) (N=326) | 0.114 | ||||||
| ≤22.9 | 94 | 54 | 57.4 | ref | |||
| 23–24.9 | 74 | 54 | 73 | 2 | 1.04–3.85 | ||
| ≥25 | 158 | 103 | 65.2 | 1.39 | 0.822–2.34 | ||
| Smoking habits (N=338) | 0.968 | ||||||
| No smoking | 176 | 115 | 65.3 | ref | |||
| Used to smoke | 68 | 45 | 66.2 | 1.07 | 0.59–1.93 | ||
| Current smoking | 94 | 62 | 66 | 1.06 | 0.62–1.79 | ||
| Coffee consumption (N=335) | 0.525 | ||||||
| No | 28 | 20 | 71.4 | ref | |||
| Yes | 307 | 201 | 65.4 | 0.76 | 0.32–1.78 | ||
| Alcohol consumption (N=335) | 0.301 | ||||||
| No | 153 | 96 | 62.7 | ref | |||
| Yes | 182 | 124 | 68.1 | 1.27 | 0.81–1.99 | ||
| Use of energy drinks (N=333) | 0.144 | ||||||
| No | 86 | 51 | 59.3 | ref | |||
| Yes | 247 | 168 | 68 | 1.46 | 0.88–2.42 | ||
| Exercise (N=326) | 0.095 | ||||||
| Yes | 214 | 135 | 63.1 | ref | |||
| No | 112 | 81 | 72.3 | 1.53 | 0.93–2.52 | ||
| Risk of OSA (N=320) | 0.148 | ||||||
| No | 262 | 168 | 64 | ref | |||
| Yes | 58 | 43 | 74.1 | 1.6 | 0.85–3.04 | ||
| Years of bus driving (N=317) | 0.003** | ||||||
| >10 yr | 165 | 95 | 57.6 | ref | |||
| ≤10 yr | 152 | 112 | 73.7 | 0.49 | 0.30–0.78 | ||
| Driving shift(s) (N=333) | 0.000** | ||||||
| Day only | 41 | 7 | 17.1 | ref | |||
| Night only | 58 | 43 | 74.1 | 13.92 | 5.10–37.99 | ||
| Day or night | 234 | 167 | 71.4 | 12.11 | 5.12–28.65 | ||
| Driving hours per/route (N=288) | 0.786 | ||||||
| <5 h | 172 | 110 | 64 | ref | |||
| ≥5 h | 116 | 76 | 65.5 | 1.07 | 0.654–1.75 | ||
| Rest period during each route (N=334) | 0.518 | ||||||
| Yes | 274 | 181 | 66.1 | ref | |||
| No | 60 | 37 | 61.7 | 0.83 | 0.46–1.47 | ||
| Switching of drivers during routes (N=334) | 0.000** | ||||||
| Yes | 265 | 189 | 71.3 | ref | |||
| No | 69 | 29 | 42 | 0.29 | 0.17–0.50 | ||
| Number of routes per day (N=300) | 0.164 | ||||||
| 1 ride | 203 | 138 | 68 | ref | |||
| >1 ride | 97 | 58 | 59.8 | 0.70 | 0.42–1.16 | ||
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, OR: Odds Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval; BMI: Body mass index; OSA: Obstructive sleep apnea.