FIG. 2.

Future of BoCs. For BoCs to mimic normal and disease states of brain tissue on an engineered platform, it is beneficial to use human-originated cells. In this regard, the preparation of patient-derived iPSCs and their differentiation into various neuronal cells are good options for reflecting patient-specific genetic information in an in vitro model. Furthermore, the coculturing of various neuronal cells (e.g., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and blood vessels) can help unravel the underlying mechanism of brain diseases. The consideration of the composition and mechanical properties of ECM is also important to facilitate the reconstitution of in vivo-like cell behaviors and functions in BoCs.