. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2019 Apr 8;96:53–64. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.04.004

Table 2:

List of viral genes targeted by CRISPR/Cas9 strategy and their impact on viral replication and persistence.

Virus	Viral infection model	Target Gene(s)	Functional impact	Reference
HSV-1	Vero cells (4 gRNAs per target site); HSV-1-eGFP	essential viral genes (UL15; UL27; UL29; UL30; UL36; UL37; UL42; UL5; UL52; UL8; UL54; UL9)	Impaired HSV-1 replication	[106]
	Vero cells (4 gRNAs per target site); HSV-1-eGFP	nonessential viral genes (US3; US8)	Impaired HSV-1 replication to a lesser extent	[106]
	Vero cells, HEK293T cells, and intranasal infection of BALB/b mice	UL7	Impaired HSV-1 replication	[109]
	HEK293 T and U-2 OS Cells; HSV-1 KOS and GFP strain	ICP0	Modification of ICP0 gene with no off target effects	[107]
HCMV	MRC5 cells (4 gRNAs per target site);	essential viral genes (UL54; UL44; UL57; UL70; UL105; UL86; UL84)	Impaired HCMV replication	[106]
	HCMV strain TB40/E or AD169	nonessential viral genes (US6; US7; US11)	No impact on HCMV replication
	MRC5 and U-251 MG cells; HCMV strains: TB40GFP, Toledo and VR1814	UL122/123	Impaired HCMV replication	[110]
EBV	Latently infected SNU-719 tumor cells	miRNA BART5, BART6 or BART 16	Enhanced expression of miRNA target reporter	[106]
	Akata-Bx1 cells carrying recombinant EBV expressing eGFP (2 gRNAs per target site)	EBNA1	~50% loss in GFP expressing cells with single gRNA and ~90% loss with two gRNAs targeting different sites on the viral genome
		OriP (multiple sites)
		EBNA1+ OriP
	Raji cells: Burkitt’s lymphoma cell line with latent EBV infection	EBNA1	EBV genome content was absent or reduced, cell proliferation arrest and apoptosis	[108]
		OriP LMP1		[108]
HBV	NTCP expressing HepG2 cells	Targeting cccDNA via: ENII/CP and Pre-C ORFs	Inhibition of HBV infection by 8-fold	[112]
	Huh-7 cells	HBV-specific gRNAs P1, S1, XCp, PS2,	reduced HBV protein production	[113]
	HBV hydrodynamics-mouse model	HBV- specific gRNAs P1 and XCp	reduced serum levels of HBsAg	[113]
	Huh-7 and HepG2.2.15 cells	X/L and X ORFs	Reduced HBsAg and HBeAg level in cell culture medium and intracellular cccDNA Reduced levels of HBsAg and HBeAg level in serum and intrahepatic cccDNA	[121,141]
	Hydrodynamic-mouse model	X/L and X ORFs		[121,141]
	Huh-7, HepAD38, HepaRG, HepG2 cells	P, S, X and C ORFs	Reduced levels of HBV antigens	[114-117,119,141]
	Hydrodynamic-mouse model	P, S, X and C ORFs	Reduced serum levels of HBsAg and viral DNA	[117,119,141]
HIV	Primary CD4+ T cells, Jurkat cells, SupT1 T cells, HEK 293T cells	long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter region	Disruption and excision of the latent provirus from human cells	[122,125,142]
HIV	JLat10.6 HIV-latent cell line, HEK293T cells, HeLa cells	LTR, pol gene and second exon of tat/rev	Tat/rev target gene mutated with high frequency and no off target effects	[124,126]
VACV		N1L and A46R genes	Efficient targeting of viral genes	[128]
JCPyV	SVG-A cells; JCPyV-MAD1 virus	non-coding control region (NCCR), Capsid proteins VP1 and VP2	Inhibition of viral replication	[129]
HPV	Cervical HPV-16-positive cell line SiHa	E6, E7 genes, promoter of E6/E7	Reduction in proliferation of cervical cancer cells in vitro and inhibition of tumorigenicity in xenograft studies	(130)