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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Hepatology. 2019 May 23;70(4):1168–1184. doi: 10.1002/hep.30669

Figure 2. Mttp-IKO mice exhibit normal fructose absorption with both protection against and reversal of fructose-induced hepatic steatosis.

Figure 2.

Control and Mttp-IKO mice were cohoused. (A) Left panel: Mice were fasted for 16 hr, followed by oral gavage of fructose. Serum fructose levels were monitored at the indicated time. n=4 each. Right panel: Intestinal GLUT5 expression by western blot. (B) Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were performed on 8–9 mice each after 3 months on high fructose diet; insert panel: area under curve (AUC). (C) Livers were harvested after a 4 hr fast. Hepatic lipids were extracted and determined enzymatically with normalization to protein content (Left). TG: triglyceride, TC: total cholesterol. Hepatic mRNA expression of genes related to lipid metabolism determined by qPCR, normalized to Gapdh (Right). (D) 8 Mttp f/f Villin CreERT2 mice were fed a high fructose for ~18 weeks and a subset (5 of 8) injected with TAM to induce intestinal Mttp deletion (Mttp-IKO), with another subset (3 of 8) injected with vehicle, as control. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests (IPGTTs) were performed at ~5 weeks following TAM injection. Inset panel: AUC. (E) Hepatic lipids (left) and hepatic mRNA expression of genes as listed in (C) (right). TG: triglyceride, TC: total cholesterol. The data are mean ± SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01. unpaired t-test.