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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Hepatology. 2019 May 23;70(4):1168–1184. doi: 10.1002/hep.30669

Figure 8. Fecal Akkermansia is enriched in Abetalipoproteinemia patients and its abundance is associated with fecal coprostanol in human subjects.

Figure 8.

(A) Fecal DNA was extracted from 5 human subjects from two abetalipoproteinemia (ABL) families. Their gut bacterial communities were analyzed by Miseq 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Methods). ABL1 and Het1 were from ABL family 1 (solid triangles). ABL2, Het2.1 and Het2.2 were from ABL family 2 (solid circles). Weighted UniFrac distance was used for principle component analysis. Gut bacterial communities of ABL patients were clustered closer, distinct from their family members. Each dot represents a fecal community. (B) Akkermansia abundance in human fecal DNAs (including 6 samples from normal subjects) was determined by qPCR. (C) Fecal neutral sterol content was quantitated by GC (Supplemental Methods). Pearson-Spearman correlation analysis identified a positive correlation between Akkermansia abundance and host fecal coprostanol content (right). Red indicates ABL proband; green indicates the heterozygous family member; black indicates normal controls.