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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Transl Res. 2019 May 20;213:23–49. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.05.002

Fig 4.

Fig 4.

(a) features of the human placenta and multilayered membranous structure of placental barrier (295). (b) Glucose transporter expression and quantitative analysis of glucose transport in the placenta-on-a-chip system (295). (c) The transporter-mediated efflux of glyburide and the transport of maternal glyburide. (Reprinted from Ref. (296) with permission of RSC.) (d) Schematic diagram showing design of 3D placental barrier-on-a-chip microdevice, and response of 3D placental barrier exposed to NPs. (Reprinted from Ref. (297) with permission of Elsevier.) (e) Schematic illustration of two-photon polymerization structured placental barrier model, and quantitative study of semi-permeability of hydrogel membranes produced with two-photon polymerization techniques. (Reprinted from Ref. (298) with permission of Whioce.)