Table 5.

Participant-Specific Model Results: Retrieval Practice and Spacing Effects at Retention Test

Participant 1
Fixed Effects	Coef.		SE	Z	p
Intercept	1.25		0.30
Retrieval Practice Effect
Repetition^a	−1.11		0.32	−3.44	.001
Spacing Effect
Spaced^b	0.05		0.32	0.16	.875
Participant 2
Fixed Effects	Coef.	SE		Z	p
Intercept	0.27	0.25
Retrieval Practice Effect
Repetition^a	−0.63	0.29		−2.15	.031
Spacing Effect
Spaced^b	0.21	0.29		0.73	.466
Participant 3
Fixed Effects	Coef.	SE		Z	p
Intercept	−1.50	0.33
Retrieval Practice Effect
Repetition^a	0.42	0.33		1.28	.199
Spacing Effect
Spaced^b	0.63	0.33		1.91	.056
Participant 4
Fixed Effects	Coef.		SE	Z	p
Intercept	0.39		0.26
Retrieval Practice Effect
Repetition^a	−1.56		0.32	−4.93	<.001
Spacing Effect
Spaced^b	0.44		0.31	1.39	.165

Note. Excluding the intercepts, Coef. = model estimation of the change in response accuracy (in log odds) from the reference category for each fixed effect; SE = standard error of the estimate; Z = Wald Z test statistic, two-tailed.

Reference is retrieval practice condition.

Reference is massed condition.