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. 2019 Oct 2;13:455. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00455

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Copyright © 2019 Liu, Zhang, Wang, Guo, Wu, Zhang and Huang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Representative images and quantification of c-Fos+ neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) induced by 16OH and 16Ac. (A–J) Representative images and their insets of c-Fos+ cells in the BNST of male or female mice after exposure to 0.01% DCM-containing mineral oil (control), L-16OH, H-16OH, L-16Ac, and H-16Ac, respectively. Scale bar, 200 μm. (K) All treatments of H-16OH and H-16AC except H-16Ac on the female BNST evoked significantly stronger c-Fos immunoreactivity in the male and female BNST than the control (M-L-16OH vs. M-control, t = 2.598, p = 0.123; M-H-16OH vs. M-control, t = 4.358, p = 0.000; M-L-16Ac vs. M-control, t = 2.348, p = 0.228; M-H-16Ac vs. M-control, t = 7.577, p = 0.000; F-L-16OH vs. F-control, t = 2.737, p = 0.086; F-H-16OH vs. F-control, t = 12.793, p = 0.000; F-L-16Ac vs. F-control, t = 1.752, p = 0.860; F-H-16Ac vs. F-control, t = 2.172, p = 0.384). And H-16OH evoked significantly stronger c-Fos immunoreactivity than L-16OH in the female but not male mice whereas H-16Ac did so than L-16Ac in the opposite sex (F-H-16OH vs. F-L-16OH, t = 10.056, p = 0.000; M-H-16OH vs. M-L-16OH, t = 1.760, p = 0.845; M-H-16Ac vs. M-L-16Ac, t = 5.229, p = 0.000; F-H-16Ac vs. F-L-16Ac, t = 0.375, p = 1.000). (L) Comparison between sexes indicates that the female BNST responded more strongly to H-16OH than the male BNST whereas the male BNST did so to H-16Ac than the female BNST (F-H-16OH vs. M-H-16OH, t = 8.499, p = 0.000; M-H-16Ac vs. F-H-16Ac, t = 5.387, p = 0.000). (M) Comparison between the two pheromones indicates that H-16OH was more effective than H-16Ac on the female BNST whereas H-16Ac was more so than H-16OH on the male BNST (F-H-16OH vs. F-H-16Ac, t = 10.667, p = 0.000; M-H-16Ac vs. M-H-16OH, t = 3.219, p = 0.023). N = 6 for each group. All values are expressed as mean ± s.e.m. ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001.