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. 2019 Oct 2;13:455. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00455

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Copyright © 2019 Liu, Zhang, Wang, Guo, Wu, Zhang and Huang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Representative images and quantification of c-Fos+ neurons in the anterior subdivision of the medial amygdaloid nucleus (MeA). (A–J) Representative images and their insets of c-Fos+ cells in the male and female MeA after exposure to 0.01% DCM-containing mineral oil (control), L- and H-16OH, and L- and H-16Ac. Scale bar, 200 μm. (K–M) Comparative analyses of the numbers of the c-Fos+ cells in the MeA between different concentrations of 16OH and 16Ac, between sexes or between the two pheromones, respectively. All four stimuli except L-16OH were able to elicit stronger c-Fos immunoreactivity than control in the male MeA whereas in the female MeA, only H-16-Ac was able to do so. H-16OH was significantly more effective than L-16OH on the female MeA whereas H-16Ac was more so than L-16Ac on the male MeA (M-L-16OH vs. M-control, t = 2.278, p = 0.075; M-H-16OH vs. M-control, t = 3.998, p = 0.002; M-L-16Ac vs. M-control, t = 4.172, p = 0.001; M-H-16Ac vs. M-control, t = 9.339, p = 0.000; F-L-16OH vs. F-control, t = 1.776, p = 0.817; F-H-16OH vs. F-control, t = 11.134, p = 0.000; F-L-16Ac vs. F-control, t = 1.905, p = 0.626; F-H-16Ac vs. F-control, t = 2.281, p = 0.268; F-H-16OH vs. F-L-16OH, t = 9.357, p = 0.000; M-H-16OH vs. M-L-16OH, t = 1.210, p = 1.000; M-H-16Ac vs. M-L-16Ac, t = 5.166, p = 0.000; F-H-16Ac vs. F-L-16Ac, t = 0.376, p = 1.000). Female MeA was more responsive to H-16OH whereas male MeA was more so to H-16Ac; and H-16OH was more effective than H-16Ac on the female MeA whereas on the male MeA, the opposite was true (F-H-16OH vs. M-H-16OH, t = 7.471, p = 0.000; M-H-16Ac vs. F-H-16Ac, t = 6.722, p = 0.000; F-L-16OH vs. M-L-16OH, t = 0.676, p = 0.502; M-L-16Ac vs. F-L-16Ac, t = 1.933, p = 0.059; F-H-16OH vs. F-H-16Ac, t = 8.852, p = 0.000; M-H-16Ac vs. M-H-16OH, t = 5.341, p = 0.000; F-L-16OH vs. F-L-16Ac, t = 0.128, p = 1.000; M-L-16Ac vs. M-L-16OH, t = 1.385, p = 1.000). N = 6 for each group. All values are expressed as mean ± s.e.m. ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001.