Table 4.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of predictors associated with the in-hospital death from overt HE.
| Variables (n) | Univariate |
Multivariate |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | p value | OR | 95% CI | p value | |
| Age (years) | 1.028 | 0.985–1.073 | 0.197 | |||
| Sex (female versus male) | 1.109 | 0.381–3.232 | 0.849 | |||
| HBV (yes versus no) | 1.445 | 0.499–4.188 | 0.497 | |||
| HCV (yes versus no) | 1.282 | 0.268–6.143 | 0.756 | |||
| Alcohol Abuse (yes versus no) | 1.376 | 0.535–3.545 | 0.508 | |||
| Autoimmune (yes versus no) | 1.173 | 0.137–10.057 | 0.884 | |||
| Other etiology (yes versus no) | 1.478 | 0.498–4.382 | 0.481 | |||
| Ascites (yes versus no) | 2.141 | 0.784–5.847 | 0.1371 | |||
| AUGIB (yes versus no) | 1.797 | 0.701–4.605 | 0.222 | |||
| Infection (yes versus no) | 2.387 | 0.878–6.493 | 0.088 | |||
| Hb (g/l) | 0.985 | 0.967–1.004 | 0.114 | |||
| WBC (109/l) | 1.222 | 1.107–1.348 | <0.001 | 1.169 | 1.037–1.317 | 0.011 |
| PLT (109/l) | 0.999 | 0.990–1.007 | 0.796 | |||
| TBIL (μmol/l) | 1.007 | 1.002–1.012 | 0.007 | 1.006 | 1.001–1.011 | 0.018 |
| ALB (g/l) | 0.852 | 0.782–0.927 | <0.001 | 0.864 | 0.771–0.967 | 0.011 |
| ALT (U/l) | 1.005 | 1.000–1.011 | 0.056 | |||
| AST (U/l) | 1.002 | 1.000–1.003 | 0.027 | 1.000 | 0.998–1.002 | 0.882 |
| AKP (U/l) | 0.994 | 0.985–1.004 | 0.232 | |||
| GGT (U/l) | 1.000 | 0.998–1.003 | 0.705 | |||
| BUN (mmol/l) | 1.060 | 1.014–1.108 | 0.010 | 1.075 | 0.974–1.185 | 0.152 |
| Scr (μmol/l) | 1.005 | 1.000–1.011 | 0.058 | |||
| K (mmol/l) | 1.930 | 1.119–3.328 | 0.018 | 0.620 | 0.223–1.720 | 0.358 |
| Na (mmol/l) | 0.932 | 0.861–1.009 | 0.080 | |||
| Ammonia (μmol/l) | 1.003 | 0.995–1.010 | 0.474 | |||
| PT (seconds) | 1.060 | 0.995–1.128 | 0.071 | |||
| APTT (seconds) | 1.057 | 1.016–1.098 | 0.006 | 1.014 | 0.965–1.067 | 0.576 |
| Child–Pugh score* | 1.459 | 1.171–1.818 | 0.001 | |||
| MELD score* | 1.145 | 1.077–1.217 | <0.001 | |||
Bolded numerals indicate statistical significance.
Child–Pugh and MELD scores, which are complex variables comprising many clinically significant variables, were excluded in the multivariate analysis.
AKP, alkaline phosphatase; ALB, albumin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; AUGIB, acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CI, confidence interval; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; Hb, hemoglobin; HBV, hepatic B virus; HCV, hepatic C virus; HE, hepatic encephalopathy; K, potassium; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; Na, sodium; OR, odds ratio; PLT, platelet count; PT, prothrombin time; Scr, serum creatinine; TBIL, total bilirubin; WBC, white blood cell count.