Table 4.
Scores for Additional Nightmare Outcome Measures.
| CBT for Nightmares, Mean (SD) | n | Treatment as Usual, Mean (SD) | n | Adjusted Mean Difference (95% CI) | Effect Size (d) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nightmare severity (ONSS total) | ||||||
| Week 0 | 108.5 (26.8) | 12 | 135.2 (23.8) | 12 | ||
| Week 4 | 70.9 (42.1) | 12 | 121.0 (29.4) | 10 | –19.3 (–50.3 to 11.7) | –0.8 |
| Week 8 | 56.6 (45.0) | 11 | 113.7 (38.8) | 9 | –22.4 (–54.0 to 9.2) | –0.9 |
| Nightmare-related distress (ONSS distress) | ||||||
| Week 0 | 37.3 (8.3) | 12 | 45.1 (8.5) | 12 | ||
| Week 4 | 25.0 (15.1) | 12 | 41.1 (9.9) | 10 | –8.2 (–20.6 to 4.2) | –1.0 |
| Week 8 | 20.7 (17.0) | 11 | 37.2 (13.5) | 9 | –7.7 (–20.4 to 4.9) | –0.9 |
| Preoccupation with nightmares (ONSS preoccupation) | ||||||
| Week 0 | 40.0 (7.8) | 12 | 47.4 (6.5) | 12 | ||
| Week 4 | 25.2 (14.6) | 12 | 42.5 (9.0) | 10 | –11.3 (–22.8 to 0.2) | –1.6 |
| Week 8 | 17.8 (13.3) | 11 | 41.3 (12.4) | 9 | –16.5 (–28.3 to –4.7) | –2.3 |
| Impairment related to nightmares (ONSS impairment) | ||||||
| Week 0 | 31.3 (13.0) | 12 | 42.7 (11.9) | 12 | ||
| Week 4 | 20.6 (14.7) | 12 | 37.4 (13.0) | 10 | –4.7 (–14.5 to 5.0) | –0.4 |
| Week 8 | 18.0 (16.2) | 11 | 35.1 (15.4) | 9 | –3.4 (–13.4 to 6.6) | –0.3 |
All analyses controlled for baseline score for that variable.
CBT, cognitive behavioural therapy; CI, confidence interval; ONSS, Oxford Nightmare Severity Scale.