Table 2.
Patient demographics and comorbidities
| n | Statistic | |
| Age at surgery (yr) | 413 | 64.8 ± 9.5 |
| Gender | 413 | |
| Female | 87 (21.1) | |
| Male | 326 (78.9) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 402 | 26.8 ± 4.9 |
| ASA | 397 | |
| 1 | 78 (19.6) | |
| 2 | 222 (55.9) | |
| 3 | 89 (22.4) | |
| 4 | 8 (2.0) | |
| ECOG status | 324 | |
| 0 | 146 (45.1) | |
| 1 | 142 (43.8) | |
| 2 | 36 (11.1) | |
| Ischemic heart disease | 412 | |
| No | 360 (87.4) | |
| Yes | 52 (12.6) | |
| Renal impairment | 412 | |
| No | 408 (99.0) | |
| Yes | 4 (1.0) | |
| Diabetes | 412 | |
| No | 364 (88.3) | |
| Yes | 48 (11.7) | |
| COPD | 412 | |
| No | 381 (92.5) | |
| Yes | 31 (7.5) | |
| Previous cancer | 412 | |
| No | 393 (95.4) | |
| Yes | 19 (4.6) | |
| Significant smoking history | 412 | |
| No | 354 (85.9) | |
| Yes | 58 (14.1) | |
| Alcohol misuse/ heavy drinker | 412 | |
| No | 404 (98.1) | |
| Yes | 8 (1.9) |
Data are reported as n (%), mean ± SD, or as median (IQR), as applicable. BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anaesthesiologists grade; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.