TABLE 4A.

Distribution of 1-Year Adverse Outcomes by IBD Medication Changes for Patients With Crohn’s disease (n = 63)*

	Subsequent CDI		Recurrent CDI		IBD Exacerbation		Colon Surgery After CDI
Medication Change†	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes
Corticosteroids‡,§
Not given medication	20 (32)	7 (11)	25 (40)	2 (3)	15 (24)	12 (19)	24 (38)	3 (5)
Continued	4 (6)	2 (3)	4 (6)	2 (3)	3 (11)	3 (33)	3 (5)	3 (5)
Added or escalated	19 (30)	8 (13)	23 (37)	4 (6)	9 (14)	18 (29)	15 (24)	12 (19)
Discontinued or de-escalated	1 (2)	2 (3)	2 (3)	1 (2)	1 (2)	2 (3)	3 (5)	0 (0)
Immunomodulators¶
Not given medication	32 (51)	11 (17)	38 (60)	5 (8)	18 (29)	25 (40)	30 (48)	13 (21)
Continued	9 (14)	6 (10)	13 (21)	2 (3)	6 (10)	9 (14)	12 (19)	3 (5)
Added or escalated	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Discontinued or de-escalated	3 (5)	2 (3)	3 (5)	2 (3)	4 (6)	1 (2)	3 (5)	2 (3)
Biologics‖
Not given medication	33 (52)	13 (21)	40 (63)	6 (10)	23 (37)	23 (37)	33 (52)	13 (21)
Continued	7 (11)	2 (3)	8 (13)	1 (2)	2 (3)	7 (11)	7 (11)	2 (3)
Added or escalated	0 (0)	1 (2)	1 (2)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (2)	0 (0)	1 (2)
Discontinued or de-escalated	4 (6)	2 (3)	4 (6)	2 (3)	2 (3)	4 (6)	4 (6)	2 (3)
Unknown	0 (0)	1 (2)	1 (2)	0 (0)	1 (2)	0 (0)	1 (2)	0 (0)

*Data presented as No. (%) of N.

^†Medication changes were at the time of infection.

^‡Includes oral, rectal, and intravenous preparations.

^§Colon surgery was more likely in patients with corticosteroid escalation at the time of CDI than in those who had corticosteroids continued at the same dose or those who were not prescribed corticosteroids (P < 0.02, Fisher exact test for colon surgery after CDI).

^¶Includes azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, and methotrexate.

‖Includes infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab, vedolizumab, and natalizumab.