Table 5.
Compounds detected by Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis with peak area greater than 3% from polar and non-polar extracts of the four plants used by the Batswana traditional health practitioners to treat skin diseases. A% = Area percentage, MF = Molecular formula, SI = Similarity index and DT = Detection time.
| Name of Compound | A% ≥ 3 | MF | SI (%) | DT(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Drimia sanguinea (PE) | ||||
| (1) Pentanoic acid | 3.8 | C5H10O2 | 91.2 | 171.5 |
| (2) n-Hexadecanoic acid | 5.9 | C16H32O2 | 92.4 | 972.0 |
| (3) 1-Nonadecene | 5.1 | C19H38 | 76.1 | 977.1 |
| (4) Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester | 5.0 | C18H36O2 | 89.5 | 977.5 |
| (5) Diisooctyl phthalate | 5.2 | C24H38O4 | 92.1 | 1302.7 |
| (6) α-Sitosterol | 3.5 | C29H50O | 89.8 | 1657.9 |
| B1. Elephantorrhiza elephantina (PE) | ||||
| (7) Diisooctyl phthalate | 16.8 | C24H38O4 | 92.6 | 1304.5 |
| (8) Pregnenolone | 7.9 | C21H32O2 | 54.5 | 1657.3 |
| (9) α-Sitosterol | 7.8 | C29H50O | 77.1 | 1659.3 |
| (10) Lupeol | 7.9 | C30H50O | 90.7 | 1686.6 |
| (11) Cycloeucalenol acetate | 8.2 | C32H52O2 | 77.3 | 1687.7 |
| (12) Unknown 2 | 3.6 | C24H28O3S | 46.8 | 1684.6 |
| B2. Elephantorrhiza elephantina (50% MeOH) | ||||
| (13) Pentanoic acid, 2-methyl-, anhydride | 7.7 | C12H22O3 | 80.3 | 233.4 |
| (14) Pentanoic acid, 4-oxo- | 3.5 | C5H8O3 | 92.6 | 235.9 |
| (15) 1H-Imidazole-4-ethanamine, α-methyl- | 3.1 | C6H11N3 | 60.5 | 237.2 |
| (16) Benzothiazole | 3.0 | C7H5NS | 96.2 | 327.0 |
| (17) Carbonic acid, but-3-yn-1-yl heptadecyl ester | 4.3 | C22H40O3 | 64.3 | 613.6 |
| C1. Helichrysum paronychioides (PE) | ||||
| (18) Methyl 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoate | 3.1 | C8H8O5 | 72.5 | 899.4 |
| (19) 2-Chloroethanol, triisobutylsilyl ether | 6.7 | C14H31CIC | 62.6 | 1152.7 |
| (20) (1-Cyclohexylmethyl-3-methylbut-2-enylthio)benzene | 6.7 | C18H26S | 56.1 | 1153.3 |
| (21) Benzenamine, 2-iodo- | 5.2 | C6H6IN | 65.2 | 1172.8 |
| (22) 2(3H)-Benzofuranone, 3α,4,5,6-tetrahydro-3α,6,6-trimethyl- | 9.0 | C11H16O2 | 64.7 | 1199.3 |
| (23) 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid allylamide | 8.6 | C12H15NOS | 60.8 | 1200.0 |
| (24) 3-Buten-2-one,4-(3-hydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenecyclohexyl)- | 3.9 | C13H20O2 | 60.6 | 1211.2 |
| (25) Unknown 6 | 3.7 | C17H17N3O | 29.5 | 1211.5 |
| C2. Helychrysum paronychioides (50% MeOH) | ||||
| (26) Methyl 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoate | 4.5 | C8H8O5 | 72.5 | 899.4 |
| (27) Falcarinol, trimethylsaline | 5.8 | C20H32OSi | 50.1 | 1150.4 |
| (28) 1-(5-Hexyl-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethanone | 5.8 | C14H20O3 | 62.8 | 1151.0 |
| (29) Unknown 4 | 5.4 | C12H14N4O4 | 44.4 | 1152.3 |
| (30) 2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 2,5-bis(1,1-dimethylpropyl)- | 3.3 | C16H24O2 | 64.5 | 1192.3 |
| (31) Pyrimidine-5-carboxylicacid,1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-methyl-2-oxo-4-(2-thienyl)-, isopropyl ester | 5.3 | C13H16N2O3S | 62.4 | 1197.6 |
| (32) 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid allylamide | 5.4 | C12H15NO | 63.7 | 1197.8 |
| (33) 5H-Benzo[b]pyran-8-ol,2,3,5,5,8α-pentamethyl-6,7,8,8α-tetrahydro- | 3.2 | C14H22O2 | 60.4 | 1209.5 |
| (34) Olivetol, [Tert-butyl (dimethyl)silyl] | 5.9 | C17H30O2Si | 56.0 | 1240.2 |
| (35) 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid allylamide | 5.9 | C12H15NO | 62.0 | 1241.5 |
| (36) 4′-hydroxy-2′,6′-dimethoxy-3′-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-acetophenone | 4.3 | C15H20O4 | 55.9 | 1282.2 |
| (37) 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid allylamide | 4.3 | C12H15NO | 55.7 | 1284.3 |
| (38) 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid allylamide | 4.2 | C12H15NO | 62.0 | 1285.0 |
| (39) 2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one,2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-4methyl- | 3.5 | C15H24O2 | 60.1 | 1296.4 |
| D1. Senecio longiflorus (PE) | ||||
| (40) Dotriacontane | 13.6 | C32H66 | 94.7 | 1604.0 |
| (41) 6 βBicyclo [4.3.0] nonane, 5β-iodomethyl-1β-41) isopropenyl-4α,5α-dimethyl-, | 3.0 | C15H25I | 68.3 | 1676.0 |
| (42) Lupeol | 7.4 | C30H50O | 88.7 | 1680.2 |
| (43) 1,3,6,10-Cyclotetradecatetraene, 14-isopropyl-3,7,11-trimethyl- | 7.8 | C20H32 | 79.5 | 1680.6 |
| (44) 9,19-Cyclolanostan-3-ol, acetate, (3β)- | 4.2 | C32H54O2 | 69.7 | 1688.9 |
| (45) Heptacosane | 3.6 | C27H56 | 90.1 | 1689.8 |
| (46) Lup-20(29)-en-3-one | 4.0 | C30H48O | 82.1 | 1692.1 |
| (47) Lupeol | 6.8 | C30H50O | 86.8 | 1697.5 |
| (48) 1,3,6,10-Cyclotetradecatetraene, 14-isopropyl-3,7,11-trimethyl- | 8.5 | C20H32 | 82.8 | 1698.4 |
| D2. Senecio longiflorus (50% MeOH) | ||||
| (49) 1-Hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-1-cyclohexene | 11.1 | C8H14O | 70.1 | 272.3 |
| (50) 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl- | 11.1 | C6H8O4 | 87.9 | 272.6 |
| (51) 4-Hydroxy-4-methylhex-5-enoic acid, tert.-butyl ester | 10.0 | C11H20O3 | 68.7 | 274.0 |