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. 2019 Sep 13;11(9):534. doi: 10.3390/toxins11090534

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Transcription levels of IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-10 in the ileum tissue and their protein levels in the ileum lavage and plasma. Transcriptions of IL-8 (A), TNF-α (B), and IL-10 (C) in the terminal ileum tissue of the germ-free piglets (GF) and the piglets colonized/infected with wild-type Salmonella Typhimurium (WT), or its isogenic ΔrfaL, ΔrfaG, and ΔrfaC mutants, were normalized to β-actin and cyclophilin A. The protein levels of the same cytokines—IL-8 (D), TNF-α (E), and IL-10 (F)—in the ileum lavage and the plasma (G,H,I, respectively) were estimated. Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparison post-hoc test was used to compare the groups. The transcriptions (A–C) were measured in six piglets per group, and the protein levels (D–I) in eight piglets per group. The values are presented as mean + SEM. Statistical differences p < 0.05 are denoted with different letters above the columns and the same letter shown above the column indicates no statistically significant differences.