Fig. 6.

VSV infection induces the degranulation of mast cells independent of known sensors for the dsRNA. a The release of β-hexosaminidase from BMMCs stimulated with the indicated concentrations of VSV for 1 or 6 h was measured as described in the Methods. The release of β-hexosaminidase by IgE-sensitized and anti-IgE-stimulated mast cells served as a positive control. b siRNA was used to knock down endogenous PKR, MDA5, RIG-I and TLR3 as described in the Methods. BMMCs were stimulated with VSV for 6 h, and the release of β-hexosaminidase was assessed as described in the Methods. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, vs. unstimulated cells. NS = No stimulation.