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RNA-sensing pattern recognition receptors
| RNA sensor |
Expression | Localization (signal initiation) | Ligands |
|---|---|---|---|
| TLR3 | cDC, macrophages, neural cells, fibroblasts, epithelial cells | endosome | dsRNA (>40 bp), poly(I:C), structured RNA |
| TLR7 | pDC, B cells | endosome | ssRNA, R848, CL097 |
| TLR8 | monocytes, macrophages, mDC | endosome | ssRNA, R848, CL095, CL097 |
| RIG-I | ubiquitous | cytoplasm | short dsRNA, 5′di-/triphosphate RNA, RNase L cleavage product, circular RNA |
| MDA5 | ubiquitous | cytoplasm | long dsRNA (>1 kb) |
