Figure 1.

HBV-related reactivation risk: Simplified algorithm for the management of patients who will undergo immunosuppressive treatment for HM. *: Followed by sensitive HBVDNA testing if any of the previous returns positive. In case of patients only positive to anti-HBs, these should undergo accurate vaccinal medical history evaluation to define the need of HBVDNA testing. **: Might consider antiviral multidrug combo in case of partial virological contol. ***: In case of emergence of virological resistence and loss of control over viral replication, treat with alternative III generation NUC. ****: In case of emergence of viral resistence and loss of control over viral replication, switch to III generation NUC; III NUC: third generation anti-HBV nucleos(t)ide analogue; HBVr: Hepatitis B virus reactivation.