Figure 2.

The JA biosynthetic osaoc mutant succumbs to attack by larval of the soil fly fungus gnats Bradysia spp. (Diptera: Sciaridae). In the greenhouse conditions, homogenous mutant plants (osaoc/osaoc) were planted next to the heterozygous and wild type plants in the soil. Larvae were able to attack to the stem of the homogenous mutants, result in wilting and plants dying after few days, while the wild type plants were just attacked on some roots and had no obvious symptoms on the above-ground part. The assay was repeated at least three times with the total observation of homozygous mutants of more than 100 plants. When a fly trap was applied, or the soil treated with larvacide (VectoBac), or 10 µM of JA applied through spraying on leaf or soil, the mutant plants were able to survive until flowering. The figure shows the wild type plants (A (plants on the left), B, and D) and the homozygous mutant plants (A (plants on the right), C, and E) with the wilting symptom on their leaves and the larvae found in the stem of attacked mutant plants. (F,H) Healthy heterozygous plants without insect attack. (G,I) Healthy osaoc mutant plants without insect attack.