Table 1.
Summary of Streptomyces strains used for ribosome engineering.
| Antibiotic | Strain | Method | Mutation a | (Fold)/(g/L) b | Year/Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actinorhodin (23) | S. coelicolor | Str, Tet | - c | - | 1996 [15] |
| S. coelicolor | Str | K88E | 15 (2.8 OD600) | 1997 [25] | |
| S. coelicolor | Par | P91S | 5–21 (2.1 OD600) | 2000 [26] | |
| S. coelicolor | Str, Gen, Rif | K88E | 48 (6.88 OD633) | 2001 [27] | |
| S. coelicolor |
relA and relC mutants Rif |
Q424L | >93 (2.79 OD633) | 2002 [28] | |
| S. coelicolor | Str, Rif, Par, Gen | - | 180 (1.63) | 2008 [29] | |
| S. coelicolor | Str | R86P | 55–106 (0.1338 ± 0.007) | 2009 [30] | |
| S. lividans | Ery | - | 6–8 (0.3) | 2012 [31] | |
| S. coelicolor | Rif | S433L | 42–55.5 (28.7 ± 1.3) | 2013 [32] | |
| Actinomycin D (9) | S. antibioticus | Str | - | 5.2 (0.063) | 1998 [33] |
| S.antibioticus | Gen | - | 4.1 (0.05) | 2008 [34] | |
| S. parvulus | Str | K88R | 2–10 (0.0328 ± 0.0086) | 2009 [30] | |
| S. antibioticus | Str | K88R | 7–10 (0.0471 ± 0.0044) | 2009 [30] | |
| S. parvulus | Rif | D427V | 1–2.2 (0.010 ± 0.001) | 2013 [32] | |
| S. antibioticus | Rif | H437R | 5–11 (0.086 ± 0.016) | 2013 [32] | |
| Avermectins (3,4) | S. avermitilis | frr overexpression | - | 3–3.7 (>0.8) | 2010 [35] |
| Avilamycin (5) | S. viridochromogenes | 60Co γ-ray, GS, Str | K43N | 36.8 (1.4) | 2013 [36] |
| Chloramphenicol (21) | S. coelicolor | Str, Rif, HE | - | 20–40 (−) | 2011 [37] |
| Congocidine | S. coelicolor | Str, Rif, HE | - | 20–40 (−) | 2011 [37] |
| Daptomycin (7) | S. roseosporus | Ple | - | 1.3 (>0.08) | 2013 [38] |
| S. roseosporus | Neo, Gen, Rif, Par, GS a | - | 4 (0.324) | 2018 [39] | |
| A21978C | S. roseosporus | Str, Reporter gene | K43N | 2.2 (>0.12) | 2012 [40] |
| Formycin A (28) | S. lavendulae | Str | - | 5.2 (0.13) | 1998 [33] |
| S. lavendulae | Str | R440H | 2.4–4.6 (0.055 ± 0.014) | 2013 [32] | |
| Fredericamycin A (15) | S. chattanoogensis | Str | - | 26 (0.26) | 1998 [33] |
| S. somaliensis | Rif | R444H | 3 (0.6795 ± 0.0158) | 2015 [41] | |
| Milbemycin (19,20) | S. bingchenggensis | CM, Str, UV | - | 1.8 (1.45) | 2009 [42] |
| Nosiheptide (1) | S. actuosus | 60Coγ-irradiation, LiCl, Str, GS | K88R | 9.2 (1.54) | 2014 [43] |
| Oligomycin (26) | S. avermitilis | Str | K43M | 20–40 (1.064) | 2009 [30] |
| Rimocidin (30) | S. rimosus | Gen, Rif | - | 2.5–6.2 (0.6731) | 2019 [44] |
| Salinomycin (6) | S. albus | Str, Gen, Rif | - | 2.3 (25) | 2003 [45] |
| Sinefungin (27) | S. incarnatus | Rif, L-Arg | D427G | 35 (>0.05) | 2010 [46] |
| Streptomycin (10) | S. griseus | Gen | - | 10 (0.3) | 2008 [34] |
| S. griseus | Rif | Q424K | 2.4–6.0 (0.178 ± 0.027) | 2013 [32] | |
| Tiancimycin A (17) | S. sp. CB03234 | Rif | L422P | 40 (0.0225 ± 0.0031) | 2016 [47] |
| 2018 [48] | |||||
| S. sp. CB03234 | Str | K43N | 45 (0.0137 ± 0.0003) | 2019 [49] | |
| Tiancimycins D (14) | S. sp. CB03234 | Str | K43N | 109 (0.0192 ± 0.0004) | 2019 [49] |
| Toyocamycin (16) | S. diastatochromogenes | frr overexpression | - | 1.46 (>0.6) | 2014 [50] |
| S. diastatochromogenes | Rif | H437Y | 4.5 (0.68) | 2016 [51] | |
| Virginiamycin (2) | S. virginiae | UV, GS, Str | - | 11.6 (0.251) | 2018 [52] |
| 6′-Deoxy-bleomycin Z (12) | S. flavoviridis | UV, Str, Gen, Rif | - | 7 (0.07) | 2018 [53] |
The abbreviations are as follows: GS, genome shuffling; HE, heterologous gene expression; CM, chemical mutation; HEE, high energy electron; HT, high throughput. The abbreviations Ple, Neo, Ery, Gen, Kan, Lin, Par, Rif, Str, and Tet indicate resistance to pleuromutilin, neomycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, lincomycin, paromomycin, rifampicin, streptomycin, and tetracycline, respectively. a The strains with the highest titer of rpoB and rpsL mutation. b The term “fold“ was defined as the increased yield of the mutant strain compared to its parental strain, which was recalculated based on the cited articles. c The highest yield strain has no detected mutation within the rpoB and rpsL gene.