Table 2.
Distribution of the main virulence and resistance genes among the S. aureus PVL + isolated from different ecological niches in Algeria.
| Virulence and Resistance Genes | MRSA-PVL + no. (%) |
MSSA-PVL + no. (%) |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Virulence Genotyping | |||
| Enterotoxins | |||
| sea | 0 (0) | 8 (61.5) | < 0.001 |
| seb | 0 (0) | 2 (15.3) | NS |
| seg | 0 (0) | 2 (15.3) | NS |
| seh | 0 (0) | 3 (23) | 0.05 |
| sei | 0 (0) | 5 (38.4) | 0.005 |
| sek | 0 (0) | 1 (7.6) | NS |
| seq | 0 (0) | 1 (7.6) | NS |
| egc clustera | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NS |
| Other Toxins | |||
| tst | 0 (0) | 5 (38.4) | 0.005 |
| etA | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NS |
| etB | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NS |
| etD | 20 (100) | 5 (38.4) | 0.005 |
| edinA | 0 (0) | 1 (7.6) | NS |
| edinB | 20 (100) | 5 (38.4) | 0.005 |
| Leukocidins | |||
| lukD | 20 (100) | 12 (92.3) | NS |
| lukE | 19 (95) | 12 (92.3) | NS |
| lukX | 7 (35) | 13 (100) | < 0.001 |
| lukY | 15 (75) | 13 (100) | NS |
| Hemolysins | |||
| hla | 10 (50) | 12 (92.3) | 0.02 |
| hlb | 15 (75) | 6 (46.1) | NS |
| hld | 20 (100) | 13 (100) | NS |
| hlgA | 20 (100) | 13 (100) | NS |
| hlgv | 20 (100) | 13 (100) | NS |
| Microbial Surface Components Recognizing Adhesive Matrix Molecules (MSRAMMs) | |||
| bbp | 20 (100) | 11 (84.6) | NS |
| clfA | 20 (100) | 13 (100) | NS |
| clfB | 20 (100) | 13 (100) | NS |
| cna | 0 (0) | 5 (38.4) | 0.005 |
| ebpS | 20 (100) | 13 (100) | NS |
| fib | 20 (100) | 12 (92.3) | NS |
| fnbA | 20 (100) | 12 (92.3) | NS |
| fnbB | 20 (100) | 13 (100) | NS |
| Capsule Components | |||
| cap5 | 0 (0) | 3 (23) | 0.05 |
| cap8 | 20 (100) | 10 (76.9) | NS |
| Intracellular Adhesion Polysaccharide | |||
| icaA | 20 (100) | 13 (100) | NS |
| icaC | 20 (100) | 13 (100) | NS |
| icaD | 20 (100) | 13 (100) | NS |
| Immune Evasion Cluster and Other | |||
| sak | 20 (100) | 10 (76.9) | NS |
| chp | 0 (0) | 3 (23) | 0.05 |
| scn | 17 (85) | 11 (84.6) | NS |
| ACME clusterb | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NS |
| Accessory Gene Regulators | |||
| agr1 | 0 (0) | 9 (69.2) | < 0.001 |
| agr2 | 0 (0) | 1 (7.6) | NS |
| agr3 | 20 (100) | 3 (23) | < 0.001 |
| agr4 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NS |
| Resistance Genotyping | |||
| mecA | 20 (100) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
| mecC | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NS |
| blaZ | 2 (10) | 10 (76.9) | < 0.001 |
| ermA | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NS |
| ermC | 3 (15) | 0 (0) | NS |
| aphA3 | 20 (100) | 1 (7.6) | < 0.001 |
| sat | 20 (100) | 1 (7.6) | < 0.001 |
| fosB | 1 (5) | 3 (23) | NS |
aegc cluster corresponds to seg, sei, sem, sen and seo genes; b ACME (arginine catabolic mobile element) includes the arc genes (arcA to arcD) and the oligopeptide permease operon genes (opp-3A to opp-3E). NS, not significant (p > 0.05).