Table 3.

Pathological findings in viral infections.

Family	Genus	Virus	Pathological Findings	Most Common Symptoms	Ref
Adenoviridae	Mastadenovirus	Adenovirus	Interstitial and peribronchial infiltration, Acute bronchiolitis, Necrosis, Haloed basophilic inclusions	Common cold, Laryngitis, tracheobronchitis	Khanal S. et al., Biomedicines 2018 [85]
Herpesviridae	Cytomegalovirus	Cytomegalovirus	Interstitial pneumonitis, Intra-alveolar damage, DAD §, Cytomegaly, Eosinophilic intranuclear Cowdry type-B inclusions	Bronchiolitis, Pneumonia *	Falsey AR et al., Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2007 [86], Pierangeli A Minerva Pediatr. 2018 [87]
Paramyxoviridae	Pneumovirus	Respiratory Syncytial Virus	Atelectasis, Mucosal ulcerations, DAD Giant cells pneumonia	Common cold, Bronchiolitis °,*, Pneumonia °,*	Pierangeli A Minerva Pediatr. 2018 [87]
	Morbillivirus	Measles	Squamous metaplasia of bronchial epithelium, DAD, Multinucleated giant cells	Fever, Sore throat, Tracheobronchitis, Laryngitis	Yanagi Y J Gen Virol. 2006 [88]
Orthomyxoviridae	Influenza	Influenza virus	Tracheobronchitis, Bronchiolitis, DAD, Hemorrhage oedema, Squamous metaplasia of bronchial epithelium	Fever, Laryngitis, Tracheobronchitis	Capelozzi VL Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2010 [89]
Coronoviridae	Betacoronavirus	Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)	DAD, Bronchiolar injury, Multinucleated cells Harvey-Comb lung, Acute bronchopneumonia	Bronchitis, Pneumonia	Lau YL Curr Opin Immunol. 2005 [90]
Flaviviridae	Flavivirus	Yellow fever virus Dengue virus	Alveolar oedema, Interstitila pneumonitis, DAD, DAH #	Pneumonia	Paessler S Annu Rev Pathol. 2013 [91], Lee YR Virus Res. 2007 [92]
Arenaviridae	Arenavirus	Lassa virus Machupo Virus Guanarito Virus	Alveolar oedema, Interstitial pneumonitis, DAD, Bronchopneumonia	Pneumonia	Paessler S Annu Rev Pathol. 2013 [91], Yun NE Viruses. 2012 [93]
Buanyaviridae	Bunyavirus	Hantavirus	Alveolar oedema, DAH, Bronchopneumonia	Pneumonia	Paessler S Annu Rev Pathol. 2013 [91], Safronetz D Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014 [94]
	Nairoviridae	Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF)	Alveolar oedema	Pneumonia	Paessler S Annu Rev Pathol. 2013 [91]
Filoviridae	Ebolavirus	Ebola virus	Pneumonia, Pulmonary oedema, Pulomnary effusion	Cough, Bronchitis, Pneumonia	Paessler S Annu Rev Pathol. 2013 [91], Marcinkiewicz J Folia Med Cracov. 2014 [27], Martines RB J Pathol. 2015 [9]
	Marburgvirus	Marburgvirus

^§ DAD: Diffuse Alveolar Damage, ^# DAH: Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage, * Immunocompromised patients, ^° Most commonly found in infants.