Table 1.

List of antimicrobials recommended by the joint commission of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. aureus [11]. The availability of standard breakpoints for the antimicrobials from CLSI or EUCAST and the antimicrobials reported by the Malaysian National Surveillance on Antimicrobial Resistance (NSAR) reports are indicated.

Antimicrobial Category	Antimicrobial Agent	CLSI Breakpoint	EUCAST Breakpoint	Reported by Malaysian NSAR
Aminoglycosides	Gentamicin	Yes	Yes	2005–2017
Ansamycins	Rifampin/rifampicin	Yes	Yes	2005–2017
Anti-MRSA cephalosporins	Ceftaroline	Yes	Yes	No
Anti-staphylococcal β-lactams (or cephamycins)	Oxacillin (or cefoxitin)	Yes	Yes	2003–2005
Fluoroquinolones	Ciprofloxacin	Yes	Yes	2007–2014
	Moxifloxacin	Yes	Yes	No
Folate pathway inhibitors	Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole	Yes	Yes	2005–2017
Fucidanes	Fusidic acid	No	Yes	2005–2017
Glycopeptides	Vancomycin	Yes	Yes	2003–2017
	Teicoplanin	Yes	Yes	2007–2008
	Telavancin	Yes	Yes	No
Glycylcyclines	Tigecycline	No	Yes	No
Lincosamides	Clindamycin	Yes	Yes	2005–2017
Lipopeptides	Daptomycin	Yes	Yes	No
Macrolides	Erythromycin	Yes	Yes	2005–2017
Oxazolidinones	Linezolid	Yes	Yes	2009–2017
Phenicols	Chloramphenicol	Yes	Yes	2005–2014
Phosphonic acids	Fosfomycin	No	Yes	No
Streptogramins	Quinupristin-dalfopristin	Yes	Yes	2011
Tetracyclines	Tetracycline	Yes	Yes	2009–2014
	Doxycycline	Yes	Yes	No
	Minocycline	Yes	Yes	No

CLSI, Clinical and Laboratories Standard Institute; EUCAST, European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.