Table 2.
Reported clinical Staphylococcus aureus studies in Malaysia.
| Study (Period) | No. of S. aureus (n) or Percentage (%) of MRSA | Study Site(s) or No. of Study Site(s) (n) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cheong et al., 1994 (1990–1991) |
2586 35.5% (905) MRSA 539 MRSA included in study |
HKL | [13] |
| Norazah et al., 2001 (1997–1999) |
400 MRSA | Various, collected from ten hospitals throughout Malaysia | [14] |
| Al-Talib et al., 2010 (2002–2007) |
8200 1979 MRSA |
HUSM | [15] |
| Thong et al., 2009 (2003–2004 and 2007) |
66 MRSA | N/A | [16] |
| Neela et al., 2008 (2006–2007) |
32 MRSA | N/A | [17] |
| Lim et al., 2013 (2003 and 2008) |
162 MRSA | UMMC | [18] |
| Al-Talib et al., 2015 (2008) |
34 MRSA, 124 MSSA | HUSM | [19] |
| Noordin et al., 2016 (2009) |
318 MRSA | UKMMC | [20] |
| Ho et al., 2017 (2011–2012) |
175 MRSA | HRPB, KPJ and GP | [21] |
| Sit et al., 2018 (2013) |
67 MRSA | UMMC | [22] |
| Che Hamzah et al., 2019 (2016–2017) |
90 MRSA, 109 MSSA | HSNZ | [23] |
| NSAR (2003–2005) |
N/A | N/A | [24] |
| NSAR (2006) ** |
12,370 [25] 31.5% MRSA [26] |
10 GH [25] | [25,26] |
| NSAR (2007) |
13,548 [25] 28% MRSA |
12 GH [25,26] | [25,26] |
| NSAR (2008) |
23,176 26% MRSA |
13 GH | [25] |
| NSAR (2009) |
20,053 21% MRSA |
16 GH | [27] |
| NSAR (2010) |
20,007 22.2% MRSA |
16 GH | [28] |
| NSAR (2011) |
31,140 19.2% MRSA |
36 hospitals* (35 GH and 1 UH) | [29] |
| NSAR (2012) |
32,611 17.3% MRSA |
37 hospitals* (35 GH and 2 UH) | [30] |
| NSAR (2013) |
34,492 17.7% MRSA |
38 hospitals* (36 GH and 2 UH) | [31] |
| NSAR (2014) |
37,341 17.2% MRSA |
39 hospitals* (37 GH and 2 UH) | [32] |
| NSAR (2015) |
37,416 19.3% MRSA |
39 hospitals* (37 GH and 2 UH) | [33] |
| NSAR (2016) |
37,207 18% MRSA |
39 hospitals* (37 GH and 2 UH) | [4] |
| NSAR (2017) |
39,447 19% MRSA |
39 hospitals* (37 GH and 2 UH) | [5] |
* Government hospitals (GH) and university hospitals (UH) distributed in all the 13 states in Malaysia; ** No antibiotic susceptibility profile available, the national MRSA rate and number of hospitals involved were obtained from the 2007 and 2008 NSAR reports [25,26]; MRSA, methicillin-resistant S. aureus; MSSA, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus; NSAR, National Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance; HKL, Hospital Kuala Lumpur; Hospital HUSM, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia; UMMC, University of Malaya Medical Centre; UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre; HRPB, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun; KPJ, KPJ Ipoh Specialist Hospital; GP, Gribbles Pathology Ipoh; HSNZ, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah; GH, government hospitals; UH, university hospitals; N/A, not available.