Table 1.

Summary of analytical performance of MFC-based biosensors.

Parameter	Anode	Cathode	Separator	Detection Range	Response Time	Ref.
BOD	AG	AG	PEM	0.34–9.6 mg/L	30–130 min	[21]
	GF	CC/Pt	–	5–120 mg/L	132 min	[22]
	GF	GF/Pt	CEM	20–200 mg/L	5–36 min	[23]
	CC	CC/Pt	SPEEK	0–650 mg/L	80 min	[24]
	GR	CP	PF	32–1280 mg/L	300–1200 min	[25]
COD	CF	AC	Ceramic	57.7–149.7 mg/L	3 min	[26]
	CC	CC	PEM	3–164 mg/L	2.8 min	[27] rmatting Citation}
	GG	AC	–	0–500 mg/L	N/A	[28]
	CC	CP/Pt	CEM	100–500 mg/L	31–825 min	[29]
VFAs	CR	CR	–	0.5–2 mM	N/A	[30]
	CB	TWWM/Pt	AEM	5–100 mM	60–240 min	[31]
DO	CP	CP	PEM	0–8.8 mg/L	<4 min	[32]
	GF	GF	–	0–9 mg/L	N/A	[33]
Ni2+	GP	GP	CEM	10 mg/L	30 min	[34]
Pb2+	GF	GF	CEM	1–5 mg/L	20–120 min	[35]
Hg2+	GF	GF	CEM	1–5 mg/L	20–120 min	[35]
Cr6+	CC	CC/Pt	–	1–8 mg/L	74 min	[36]
Cu2+	CC	CC/Pt	CEM	5–7 mg/L	240 min	[37]
Cd2+	CC	CC	CEM	0.1–100 μg/L	12 min	[27]
Levofloxacin	SCE	CC	–	0.1–1000 μg/L	10 min	[38]
SDS	GP	GP	PEM	10–50 mg/L	N/A	[39]
p-Nitrophenol	CF	CF	PEM	10–50 mg/L	27 min	[40]
β-lactam antibiotics	ENIG	Graphite	PEM	1–75 µg/mL	120–240 min	[41]
Formaldehyde	GF	CF	CEM	0.0005–0.01%	10–240 min	[42]
microbial activity	CP	CP/Pt	PEM	0–13 nmol/L	<186 min	[43]

BOD, biochemical oxygen demand; COD, chemical oxygen demand; VFA, volatile fatty acids; DO, dissolved oxygen; CB, carbon brush; CC, carbon cloth; CF, carbon fiber; CP, carbon paper; CR, carbon rod; GF, graphite felt; GG, graphite gravel; GP, graphite plate; GR, graphite rod; AC, activated carbon; AG, activated graphite; SCE, saturated calomel electrode; Pt, platinum; TWWM, titanium woven wire mesh; ENIG, electro less nickel immersion gold; AEM, anion exchange membrane; CEM, cation exchange membrane; PEM, proton exchange membrane; PF, porous filter; SPEEK, sulfonated poly ether ether ketone; SDS, sodium dodecyl sulphate; N/A, not available.