Table 2.
Effect of Female Sex on Virologic Measures
| HIV-1 Reservoir Measure | Female Fold-Effect | (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Integrated HIV DNA | 1.39 | (.57–3.37) | .47 |
| Total HIV DNA | 1.38 | (.67–2.74) | .39 |
| SCA (HMMC gag) | 1.02 | (.38–2.72) | .974 |
| SCA (HMMC gag)a | 0.23 | (.08–.72) | .011 |
| SCA (HMMC gag):integrated HIV DNA ratio | 0.43 | (.20–.91) | .027 |
| Cell-associated msHIV RNA | 0.16 | (.05–.51) | .002 |
| Cell-associated msHIV RNAb | 0.25 | (.09–.71) | .009 |
| Cell-associated msHIV RNA:integrated HIV DNA ratio | 0.29 | (.13–.64) | .002 |
| Cell-associated unspliced HIV RNA | 0.65 | (.29–1.43) | .280 |
| Cell-associated unspliced HIV RNAc | 0.68 | (.35–1.32) | .253 |
| Cell-associated unspliced HIV RNA:integrated HIV DNA ratio | 0.52 | (.25–1.07) | .08 |
Negative binomial regression in univariate and multivariate models to assess the quantitative influence of female sex on virologic measures.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; msHIV, multiply spliced human immunodeficiency virus; SCA, single-copy assay.
aAdjusted for duration of suppression and treatment interruptions.
bAdjusted for CD4 cell count nadir and controller phenotype.
cAdjusted for maximum pretreatment viral load, CD4 cell count nadir, race, early treatment initiation, and controller phenotype.