FIGURE 4.
Observed cluster treatment proportions (“Observed”), and two discrete hypothesized distributions of cluster-average propensity of treatment. One corresponds to the empirical distribution restricted within the 20th and 80th quantiles of the observed cluster treatment proportions (“Observed-restricted”), and the other (“Counterfactual”) corresponds to the empirical (or the Observed-restricted) further restricted between the 50th and 80th quantiles of the observed cluster treatment proportions.