Table 2.

Contraindications of prepectoral reconstruction

Poorly vascularized mastectomy skin flap

Active smokers/recent smokers

BMI >40 kg/m2

Immunocompromised patients

HbA1c >7.5%

Large tumors (>5 cm)

Tumors within 0.5 cm of the pectoralis major muscle

Chest wall involvement

Grossly positive axillary involvement

BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.