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The procedure for implantation of autologous bone mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds after bone marrow stimulation. The articular cartilage defect was created in the weight-bearing area of the medial femoral condyle in the minipig model (A). After the defect was made, it was treated with bone marrow stimulation using an 18-gauge needle (A), followed by implantation of the autologous bone MSC-derived ECM scaffold by press-fitting (B, C).
