Fig. 2.

Individual hypnograms from six Cynomolgus macaques during the initial 6 h dark phase (ZT13 to ZT18) following administration of a vehicle or b the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) partial agonist, RO5263397 (10 mg/kg, p.o.), 30 min before light offset (ZT11.5). Hourly distribution (% time) of c Wakefulness d NREM, and e REM sleep during the same period following vehicle or RO5263397 (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg). RO5263397 at 10 mg/kg increased wakefulness while suppressing NREM and REM sleep. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 6). *p ≤ 0.05 (The color of asterisk denotes a significant difference between the respective dose vs. vehicle). A 7-day washout period elapsed between treatments. R = REM (red); W = WAKE (flat line); 1 = stage N1 (yellow); 2 = stage N2 (green); 3 = stage N3 (blue)