Table 1.

Study 1: c-Fos activation in various brain regions of Roman rats after a single PPI session

	Number of c-Fos labeled neurons/mm2
	RHA			RLA
	No-Pulse (n = 4)	Pulse (n = 6)	PPI (n = 8)	No-Pulse (n = 4)	Pulse (n = 6)	PPI (n = 8)	Effects
Cg	31.4 ± 1.6	68.6 ± 10.5*	61.5 ± 11.2*	33.8 ± 2.8	52.9 ± 9.6*	51.6 ± 9.5*	Condition
Dorsal CA1	3.0 ± 0.7	3.4 ± 1.7	3.0 ± 0.6	3.0 ± 0.8	4.7 ± 0.9	5.9 ± 0.9
Dorsal DG	9.3 ± 3.0	8.4 ± 1.2	10.1 ± 1.3	8.2 ± 2.8	16.5 ± 2.9	9.0 ± 1.3
Ventral CA1	7.9 ± 1.3	11.0 ± 1.8	10.6 ± 1.6	9.1 ± 1.4	8.2 ± 1.0	11.3 ± 1.1
Ventral DG	4.2 ± 1.7	7.9 ± 3.5	11.4 ± 2.9	6.8 ± 1.7	11.2 ± 1.9	7.0 ± 1.0
NAc shell	23.3 ± 2.4	28.3 ± 5.9	35.0 ± 5.4	21.7 ± 7.6	38.8 ± 7.9	24.5 ± 5.1
NAc core	18.4 ± 4.3	21.7 ± 4.6	25.7 ± 4.6	15.6 ± 5.8	17.1 ± 4.6	13.5 ± 3.0
Striatum CP	3.7 ± 0.7	10.1 ± 2.1	7.3 ± 1.7	7.5 ± 2.4	9.3 ± 2.5	11.3 ± 1.1
Striatum GP	3.3 ± 1.2	5.4 ± 0.8	6.7 ± 1.9	4.9 ± 3.1	6.4 ± 2.0	5.5 ± 1.3
BLA	11.2 ± 1.4	15.7 ± 2.9	15.0 ± 3.2	20.5 ± 2.0	20.3 ± 2.1	19.2 ± 1.9	Strain
CeA	6.5 ± 1.7	12.3 ± 2.1*	11.1 ± 2.1*	1.7 ± 2.0	18.5 ± 3.9*	15.1 ± 1.6*	Condition

Three groups of RHA and RLA rats were randomly distributed in the background noise control group (No-Pulse), in the pulse-alone control group (Pulse) or the PPI group. Effects of “Condition” (with the Pulse and PPI groups showing higher Cg and CeA activation than the NP group) and “Strain” (with RLA rats showing higher BLA activation than RHAs) are indicated in the table (ANOVA). Values are mean ± SEM

Cg cingulate cortex, Dorsal CA1 CA1 of the dorsal hippocampus, Dorsal DG dentate gyrus of the dorsal hippocampus, Ventral CA1 CA1 of the ventral hippocampus, Ventral DG dentate gyrus of the ventral hippocampus, NAc shell nucleus accumbens shell, NAc core nucleus accumbens core, Striatum CP striatum caudate-putamen, Striatum GP striatum globus pallidus, BLA basolateral amygdala, CeA central amygdala

*p < 0.05 vs No-Pulse group of the same strain (Duncan’s multiple range test)