Table 2:
Baseline demographics by employment status.
| Unemployed n = 342 (61.2%) |
Employed n= 211 (38.2%) |
Estimate/SE | t | OR | P. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||
| Men (N (%)) | 208 (60.8) | 140 (66.4) | - | - | - | ns |
| Age (Mean ± SD) | 38.8 ± 8.6 | 37.1 ± 8.4 | - | - | - | ns |
| Never married/living alone (N (%)) | 252 (73.7) | 143 (67.8) | - | - | - | ns |
| Completed high school (N (%)) | 267 (78.1) | 174 (82.5) | - | - | - | ns |
| Race/ethnic (N (%)) | - | - | - | ns | ||
| White | 180 (52.6) | 121 (57.3) | ||||
| African American | 108 (31.6) | 65 (30.8) | ||||
| Hispanic | 49 (14.3) | 23 (10.9) | ||||
| Others | 5 (1.5) | 2 (0.9) | ||||
| History and pattern of cocaine use | ||||||
| Age of cocaine onset (Mean ± SD) | 20.6 ± 5.6 | 21.3 ± 7 | - | - | - | ns |
| Years of regular cocaine use (Mean ± SD) | 10.3 ± 7.9 | 8.8 ± 7.7 | −1.42/0.7 | −2.01 | - | .045 |
| Days of cocaine use in 28 days prior to treatment (Mean ± SD) | 14.5 ± 8.6 | 14 ± 9.1 | - | - | - | ns |
| Pretreatment cocaine positive urine result (N (%)) | 249 (72.8) | 163 (77.2) | .48/0.24 | - | 1.61 | .047 |
| History of substance abuse treatment | ||||||
| Treatment naïve (N (%)) | 56 (16.4) | 33 (15.6) | - | - | - | ns |
| Number outpatient substance use treatments (Mean ± SD) | 2.2 ± 3.3 | 2.4 ± 3.4 | - | - | - | ns |
| Number inpatient substance use treatments (Mean ± SD) | 2.7 ± 4.3 | 2.9 ± 5.9 | - | - | - | ns |
| Concomitant Psychiatric disorders | ||||||
| Lifetime Alcohol use disorder (N (%)) | 215 (68) | 138 (68.3) | - | - | - | ns |
| Lifetime Major depression disorder (N (%)) | 61 (18) | 38 (18.3) | - | - | - | ns |
| Lifetime Anxiety disorder (N (%)) | 52 (15.4) | 22 (10.5) | - | - | - | ns |
| Lifetime Antisocial personality disorder (N (%)) | 54 (15.9) | 39 (18.7) | - | - | - | ns |
| History of legal problems | ||||||
| Ever Arrested (N (%)) | 134 (39.3) | 58 (27.5) | −.63/0.2 | - | 0.53 | .002 |
| Lifetime number of months incarcerated (Mean ± SD) | 26.3 ± 47.4 | 17.4 ± 42.3 | - | −1.22 | - | ns |
| Currently on probation/parole (N (%)) | 52 (16.4) | 51 (27) | .56/0.21 | - | 1.75 | .007 |
| Currently awaiting charges, trial or sentence (N (%)) | 37 (10.9) | 22 (10.4) | - | - | - | ns |
| Referred to treatment by criminal justice system (N (%)) | 26 (7.6) | 36 (17.1) | .98/0.31 | - | 2.7 | .002 |
| ASI composite scores | ||||||
| Cocaine (Mean ± SD) | .67 ± 0.22 | .66 ± 0.22 | - | - | - | ns |
| Other drags (Mean ± SD) | .05 ± 0.8 | .06 ± 0.08 | - | - | - | ns |
| Alcohol (Mean ± SD) | .11 ± 0.18 | .1 ± 0.17 | - | - | - | ns |
| Psychological (Mean ± SD) | .15 ± 0.18 | .16 ± 0.19 | - | - | - | ns |
| Medical (Mean ± SD) | .16 ± 0.28 | .13 ± 0.25 | - | - | - | ns |
| Employment (Mean ± SD) | .66 ± 0.29 | .56 ± 0.28 | −.09/0.02 | −3.4 | - | 0.001 |
| Family/social (Mean ± SD) | .16 ± 0.18 | .17 ± 0.18 | - | - | - | ns |
| Legal (Mean ± SD) | .09 ± 0.16 | .09 ± 0.17 | - | - | - | ns |
The unemployed group served as reference for the analyses
SE = Standard Error; OR = Odds Ratio; ns = statistically non-significant.