Representative original records of Ca2+-activated force in chemically skinned fibers from gastrocnemius muscles of control (CNT), denervation (DEN), and dexamethasone (DEX) rats with or without neuromuscular electrical stimulation (ES) training (A). Fibers were exposed to solutions at progressively higher free Ca2+ concentration: pCa 6.4, 6.2, 6.0, 5.8, 5.6, 5.4, and 4.7. Specific force-frequency relationship (B) and the maximum Ca2+-activated force (Pmax) (C). Data presented as mean and SEM from 20–25 fibers per group. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05: main effect of *treatment (i.e., DEN and DEX) and #ES; †interaction of treatment and ES; difference versus aCNT, bDEN, c DEX, dCNT+ES, and eDEN+ES.