Fig. 3.

Whole-brain orientation dispersion and extracellular free water. a Whole-brain NODDI measures in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Orientation dispersion does not differ between groups, extracellular free water is increased by 6.3% in patients compared to controls which is significant at trend-level (p = 0.07). Error bars depict the 95% confidence interval. b Time course of NODDI measures. No change in whole brain orientation dispersion or extracellular free water was observed in patients with schizophrenia or in healthy controls. Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals. Abbreviations: FW extracellular free water, ODI orientation dispersion index (ODI is a value between zero and one that describes the spatial configuration of the neurite structures, with high values of ODI corresponding to highly dispersed neurites and small values corresponding to highly aligned axons), HC healthy control, SZ patient with schizophrenia