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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 19.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2019 Jun 19;570(7762):514–518. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1310-4

Fig. 2 |. Weaker effect sizes of previously published trait–variant associations in non-European populations exacerbates disparity in PVE.

Fig. 2 |

a, Standardized effect sizes for the two largest self-reported subsets of the PAGE population show markedly weaker effect sizes in African Americans (z′PAGE = 0.54 × z′prior (yellow); z′ is the z-score from the trait–variant association standardized by the sample size in PAGE or the ‘prior’ publication from the NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog) than in Hispanic/Latino participants (z′PAGE = 0.86 × z′prior; red) compared to originally reported effect sizes from the NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog. Grey shading indicates the 95% confidence interval around the slope estimate. b, After identifying the SNP with the smallest P value in each locus, the PVE of height was calculated using the estimated effect size from this set of tag SNPs (left, GIANT-only GWAS; middle, UKB50k+GIANT meta-analysis; right, PAGE + GIANT meta-analysis). PVE was estimated independently in the UKB50k (White British) and PAGE (multi-ethnic) samples. The gap in PVE with previously reported loci from GIANT (8.14%) is exacerbated with the inclusion of 50,000 more individuals of European descent, to 11.19%. However, it narrows markedly with the inclusion of 50,000 multiethnic samples, to 3.91%.