Figure 1.

Workflow of the strategy for linking bisphenol S (BPS) to health effects. (A) Data input: we compiled a) published data from multiple sources related to BPS and its associated toxic effects, and b) adverse outcome pathway (AOP) events to prepare a dictionary of AOP events (standardization and storage in an in-house database), which includes molecular initiating events [MIEs (squares with small dots)], key events [KEs (squares with large dots)], and adverse outcomes [AOs (square with solid lines)] as defined in the AOP-Wiki database. (B) Data extraction: we performed preprocessing followed by text mining of the data using the developed AOP-helpFinder tool in order to identify links between BPS (black circle) and different AOP events (MIE, KE, and AO). Scores, represented by the width of the edges, were calculated to indicate the confidence of the association. (C) Data integration: To fill potential gaps between two nodes (such as a KE and an AO), existing AOP information was integrated into the network as well as information from the ToxCast database. Full-text manual curation of the identified publications (by text mining) was performed by experts, thus increasing the availability of knowledge (dashed nodes/edges lines).