Table 1.

Biological drug concentration thresholds to target associated with favorable therapeutic outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease.

Biological drug	Treatment time point	Suggested drug concentration threshold for clinical response/remission (μg/ml)	Suggested drug concentration threshold for mucosal healing (μg/ml)
Infliximab	Induction (week 2)	≥20	≥25
	Induction (week 6)	≥10	N/A
	Post-induction (week 14)	≥3	≥7
	Maintenance	≥3	≥7
Adalimumab	Post-induction (week 14)	≥5	≥7
	Maintenance	≥3	≥8
Certolizumab pegol	Post-induction (week 6)	≥32	N/A
	Maintenance	≥15	N/A
Golimumab	Post-induction (week 6)	≥2.5	N/A
	Maintenance	≥1	N/A
Vedolizumab	Induction (week 2)	≥28	N/A
	Induction (week 6)	≥24	N/A
	Post-induction (week 14)	≥15	≥17
	Maintenance	≥12	≥14
Ustekinumab	Post-induction (week 8)	≥3.5	N/A
	Maintenance	≥1	≥4.5

N/A: not applicable, due to paucity of data.