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. 2019 Oct 9;10:4594. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12568-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Modular architecture of vertebral lymphatic vasculature. a Frontal view of a cleared thoracic vertebra stained with an anti-PROX1 antibody. Red asterisk: vertebral ventral body, SC: spinal cord spatial orientation (D: dorsal, L: lateral, V: ventral). b Magnifications of red boxed areas are shown in (c–g). c Semicircular dorsal LVs (red arrow) surround the spinal cord, exit dorsolaterally (blue arrow) and also extend a latero-ventral connection to the dorsal nerve root (double red arrows in (c) and (e)). Note PROX1⁺ cells in SC and perivertebral muscles (M), FJ: facet joint. d At the ventral face of the ligamentum flavum (LF) located between two spinous processes, dorsal LVs (blue arrows) enter the vertebral canal and join semicircular LVs (red arrows). Note circles of LVs bordering the upper side of the epidural space (ES). e Ventrolateral LV circuitry around DRG (red arrowheads). Blue dotted-lines: spinal nerve roots, red dotted-lines: DRG. f Lateral view with intervertebral LVs (salmon arrows). g Two ventral branches (red arrows and arrowheads) run between each side of the ventral midline (VM) and the DRG. h Schematic representation of a frontal view of a thoracic vertebral LV unit. Longitudinal connecting vessels between vertebral units are not represented. FJ: facet joint; LF: ligamentum flavum; ES: epidural space; DRG: dorsal root ganglia; VM: ventral midline; SC: spinal cord. Black letters refer to images in (c–g). Scale bars: 300 µm (a–g)