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Coprophagy behavior of Japanese rock ptarmigan chicks. a) Excretion of the cecal feces, just after brooding to warm the body temperature of the chicks. b) congregation of chicks around cecal feces, rather than around the hen. c) Pecking of the hen’s cecal feces by chicks. Pecking behavior was observed for all chicks. d) Cecal feces left behind after pecking by the chicks. Traces of pecking are seen on the surface of the feces. Red arrows indicate the cecal feces of hens.
